Dear Luke,
I was inspired to write this message by two articles that I read recently. The first is about Pope Francis' Lenten message of last year. He gave a beautiful discourse about fasting from indifference in order to feast on love, and become better Christians. His message was inspiring and uplifting. I had quite the opposite experience as I read a second, and rather unfortunate article which is titled, "Why Mormons Don't Believe In Ash Wednesday and Lent." In addition to being offensive to Catholics, the article was offensive to any Mormon who doesn't want his belief about Lent and the reasons for it to be dictated by some guy who has no authority to make such declarations about the beliefs of Mormonism as a religion. For the record, I think participating in Lent can be a powerful act of devotion, and that any upstanding, temple recommend holding member of the Church could practice Lent and be better for it. I do not think the writer had bad intentions by any means, but his article illustrates my point that there is a persisting culture among pockets of Mormons of ignorance, self-righteousness, and discord concerning their perspective of other religions. If we are to develop true, Christ-like love, we must first replace ignorance with understanding, self-righteousness with tolerance, and discord with harmony.
You might feel like I'm preaching to the choir right now. I know you understand this, but I am not writing this message to convince you. I am writing this message so to help you to change a culture which might abide in your mission, as it did in mine. You know my three best friends in high school were a Jehovah's Witness, a Protestant, and a Roman Catholic. They were, and continue to be, three great men, for whom I have great respect. During one transfer cycle of my mission, I heard a missionary I was living with speak poorly of the Jehovah's Witnesses. He was rattling off their beliefs as if he was a Jehovah's Witness himself, and I recognized many things he said of their doctrine which were simply not true. I made an effort to defend their faith, and I received constant bullying for it. When a zone leader was on splits at my apartment, he found a book a Jehovah's Witness had given me titled, "What Does the Bible Really Teach?" and he ripped it in half. I was astounded by the sheer hypocrisy. Missionaries of a Church which honors its persecuted ancestors, and struggles with the spread of false rumors of its teachings, were gossiping about the beliefs of other religions and destroying religious literature. I think this culture did change on my mission because of the teachings of my mission president, but you might have to play a bigger part in your mission. I hope to give you some resources today which could help you transform that culture.
From Ignorance to Understanding
Perhaps we do not need to understand all things about other religions, but we should cast off enough ignorance at least to understand that Mormons do not have a monopoly on the truth, and that other religions are, in fact, good.
I have notes from a fireside done by Terryl and Fiona Givens which say that Joseph Smith considered himself a gatherer of truth more than a restorer of truth. I also remember having heard of Richard Bushman, another Church historian, saying the same. Unfortunately, I could not find good sources to support that claim because I am a college student and time isn't my most abundant resource. So where did Joseph gather the truth from? I was able to find this quote of his, "Have the Presbyterians any truth? Yes. Have the Baptists, Methodists, etc., any truth? Yes. They all have a little truth mixed with error. We should gather all the good and true principles in the world and treasure them up, or we shall not come out true "Mormons,"" (History of the Church 5:517). There is truth in all religions. We should learn of them.
Terryl and Fiona Givens powerfully argue that Mormons do not have the monopoly on the truth which many pretend in chapter 7 of their book, The Crucible of Doubt. I agree with them wholeheartedly and I wish I could include the whole chapter in this letter for you to read in your spare time, but I cannot. In short, the idea that Mormons have all of the truth, and no one else can have any that we don't, is an absolutely erroneous and arrogant fallacy. Considering the billions of people that have inhabited the earth, and the infinite truths yet to be discovered and canonized, is it not likely that somebody has stumbled across a truth which the Mormons haven't of yet? Considering scriptural evidence (D&C 49:8) and teachings of Preach My Gospel (Chapter 3 Lesson 1) which tell us that God has inspired many men outside of our religion, it is much more than likely, but extremely probable if not certain.
Now, to answer the question of the goodness of other religions, I will refer to Brigham Young. He said, "Now, this may be singular to some. What! They enjoy the Spirit of the Lord? Yes, every man and woman, according to their faith and the knowledge they have in their possession. They enjoy the goodness of their Father in heaven. Do they receive the Spirit of the Lord? They do, and enjoy the light of it, and walk in it, and rejoice in it.
What will be their state hereafter? Every faithful Methodist that has lived up to and faithfully fulfilled the requirements of his religion, according to the best light he had, doing good to all and evil to none, injuring no person upon the earth, honoring his God as far he knew, will have as great a heaven as he ever anticipated in the flesh, and far greater. Every Presbyterian, and every Quaker, and every Baptist, and every Roman Catholic member—every reformer, of whatever class or grade, that lives according to the best light they have, and never have had an opportunity of receiving a greater light than the one in their possession, will have and enjoy all they live for...
You may go among the Pagans, or among all the nations there are, and they have their religion, their sacraments, and ceremonies, which are as sacred to them as ours are to us: they are just as precious and dear to them, though we call them heathen. They are idolatrous worshippers; yet their religion is as sacred to them as ours is to us. If they live according to the best light they have in their religion, God is God over all and the Father of us all; we are all the workmanship of his hands; (Moses 7:32)
and if they are ignorant, filled with superstition, and have the traditions of the fathers interwoven like a mantle around and over them, that they cannot see any light, so will they be judged; and if they have lived according to what they did possess, so they will receive hereafter.
And will it be glory, you may inquire? Yes. Glory, glory, glory..." (Journal of Discourses 6:53).
I think Brigham Young would have been a very difficult man to argue with. It would certainly be difficult to argue that other religions are churches of the devil and abominations after hearing him say what he did in that discourse. Even tougher to argue with is Jesus Christ. Luke 9:49-50 reads, "And John answered and said, Master, we saw one casting out devils in thy name; and we forbad him, because he followeth not with us. And Jesus said unto him, Forbid him not: for he that is not against us is for us." Members of other religions which do good are on our team. They enjoy the Spirit of the Lord, and they will receive glory in heaven. They are good.
From Self Righteousness to Tolerance
Alma tells of a people who prayed in the following manner, "Holy God, we believe that thou hast separated us from our brethren; and we do not believe in the tradition of our brethren, which was handed down to them by the childishness of their fathers; but we believe that thou hast elected us to be thy holy children... and thou hast elected us that we shall be saved, whilst all around us are elected to be cast by thy wrath down to hell; for the which holiness, O God, we thank thee; and we also thank thee that thou hast elected us, that we may not be led away after the foolish traditions of our brethren... And again we thank thee, O God, that we are a chosen and a holy people. Amen," (Alma 31:16-18)
Unfortunately, and almost comically, those verses could just as well be describing some members of the Church. Alma prayed for that people, "Behold, O God, they cry unto thee, and yet their hearts are swallowed up in their pride. Behold, O God, they cry unto thee with their mouths, while they are puffed up, even to greatness, with the vain things of the world," (Alma 31:27). The Zoramites described were religiously intolerant because they were prideful and self righteous.
Tolerance, on the other hand, requires humility. Tolerance is defined as "a fair, objective, and permissive attitude toward those whose opinions, beliefs, practices, racial or ethnic origins, etc., differ from one's own; freedom from bigotry." The most basic tolerance is described in the 11th Article of Faith, "We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God according to the dictates of our own conscience, and allow all men the same privilege, let them worship how, where, or what they may." Religious tolerance is more than just good idea. It is an important part of our faith as Mormons.
From Discord to Harmony
But tolerance is not enough. Included in BYU Speeches is one delivered by Alwi Shihab in an address titled, "Building Bridges to Harmony Through Understanding."In it he said, "Let me suggest, dear brothers and sisters, that religious tolerance is not enough. We have often seen... that tolerance does not always lead to true social peace and harmony. To tolerate something is to learn to live with it, even when you think it is wrong and downright evil. Often tolerance is a tolerance of indifference, which is at best a grudging willingness to put up with something or someone you hate and wish would go away. We must go, I believe, beyond tolerance if we are to achieve harmony in our world. We must move the adherents of different faiths from a position of strife and tension to one of harmony and understanding by promoting a multifaith and pluralistic society. We must strive for acceptance of the other based on understanding and respect. Nor should we stop even at mere acceptance of the other; rather, we must accept the other as one of us in humanity and, above all, in dignity."
Harmony between religions is a beautiful thing. I would like apply a quote of Elder Wirthlin's to this concept "Tied to this misconception is the erroneous belief that all [religions] should look, talk, and be alike. The Lord did not [dot] the earth with a vibrant orchestra of [religions] only to value the piccolos of the world. Every instrument is precious and adds to the complex beauty of the symphony. All [religions] are different in some degree, yet each has his own beautiful sound that adds depth and richness to the whole," ("Concern for the One"). The beauty of harmony is in diversity, and cooperation. If we all played the melody, it would be a boring piece. If we did not cooperate, the dissonance of notes would be painful to listen to.
Harmony between religions is a component of the modern Church. The Church continues to work closely with Catholic Charities to provide relief after natural disasters. President Hinckley was particularly fond of Pope John Paul II. Examples of harmony between Church leaders and other religions can be found throughout the history of the Church. But I think the culmination of religious harmony was expressed by Joseph Smith, "“The Saints can testify whether I am willing to lay down my life for my brethren. If it has been demonstrated that I have been willing to die for a ‘Mormon,’ I am bold to declare before Heaven that I am just as ready to die in defending the rights of a Presbyterian, a Baptist, or a good man of any other denomination," (History of the Church, 5:498–99).
I hope that that will some day be the predominating culture of the Mormon Church. I hope this will help you to be able to do your part to change a culture.
Keep up the good work, Luke! I love you!
Luke is my little brother. He left to serve a two-year mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on December 8th. These are my letters to him.
Sunday, February 28, 2016
Sunday, February 21, 2016
Week 11 - 14 February 2016: Exegesis and the Fallacy of Certainty
Dear Luke,
Happy Birthday this week!! I sent you a package. Hopefully it arrives. From what I've heard, a lot of packages get stolen along the way. I do think God wants you to have what's in the package, but I know that he wants the thief to have his agency even more, so I've taken some extra precautions. I put some pictures of Jesus on it, and wrote, "Se você roubar este pacote, você será condenado ao inferno para sofrer por toda a eternidade," in nice, big letters across the whole thing. Hopefully that'll do the trick!
President Uchtdorf gave a great talk a couple years ago titled, "What Is Truth?" The object of this week's letter is to help you to answer that question as you study your scriptures every day through a method called 'exegesis.'
President Uchtdorf said:
"Well over one hundred years ago, an American poet put to rhyme an ancient parable. The first verse of the poem speaks about:
"Six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind."
In the poem each of the six travelers takes hold of a different part of the elephant and then describes to the others what he has discovered.
One of the men finds the elephant’s leg and describes it as being round and rough like a tree. Another feels the tusk and describes the elephant as a spear. A third grabs the tail and insists that an elephant is like a rope. A fourth discovers the trunk and insists that the elephant is like a large snake.
Each is describing truth.
And because his truth comes from personal experience, each insists that he knows what he knows.
The poem concludes:
"And so these men of Indostan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right,
And all were in the wrong!""
And so it can be with interpretation of the scripture; each partly in the right and all in the wrong. Joseph Smith expressed the same when he wrote, "for the teachers of religion of the different sects understood the same passages of scripture so differently as to destroy all confidence in settling the question by an appeal to the Bible," (Joseph Smith - History 1:12). And even within the Church different interpretations abound.
I believe it is certainty that lies at the heart of the issue. Bruce C. Hafen once said, "I think some... are more interested in being certain than they are in being right," ("Love Is Not Blind:Some Thoughts for College Students on Faith and Ambiguity"). Sometimes we are certain about points of doctrine or Church history because we were taught them in primary or we heard them somewhere or somewhere down the line they became tradition or culture, etc. Sometimes these points we are so certain about are perversions of the truth. It happens more than we realize. For example, many members may think that the sacrament can only be administered on Sundays. In fact, the very first sacrament after the Church was organized in this dispensation was administered on a Tuesday - April 6, 1830.
Another example concerning the sacrament is the idea that the principle purpose of the sacrament ordinance is to renew other ordinances. In the Sabbath Day Training videos, Neal A. Anderson said, "The title ‘renewing our baptismal covenants’ is not found in the scriptures. It is not inappropriate. Many of you have used it in talks. We have used it in talks, but it is not something that is used in the scriptures. And it can’t be the keynote of what we say about the sacrament." (This principle is also apparent in the event of the first administered sacrament in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as the baptized received the gift of the Holy Ghost after having received the sacrament in the same meeting). After I heard that, I began to pay attention to how often I used that phrase in my prayers. Just about every Sunday morning, the words would nearly leave my mouth and I would have to remind myself that I needed to refocus my sacrament experience.
I call this phenomenon 'the fallacy of certainty.' It's a really scary thing to me. How many other non-doctrinal traditions am I certain are truth? Or how many other traditions and cultures distract me from the truth? They so easily go undetected.
If we are to find truth as we study, we must first clear our minds of 'certainties.' We must segregate a time of study to look at the text as if it was the first time.
I'll offer two examples of common misinterpretations of scripture which are related to the fallacy of certainty.
Sometimes members of the Church, and especially missionaries, receive criticism because of scriptures like Exodus 33:20, "And [the Lord] said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live," and John 1:18, "No man hath seen God at any time." They make the argument that, based on these scriptures, Joseph Smith could not have seen God in the First Vision.
Members and missionaries often respond by citing scriptures like Genesis 32:30 and Exodus 33:11, and saying something like, "Well that's not true because prophets like Moses spoke with God face to face." The problem with this is twofold. The first problem is that the scriptures are being used as a cannon instead of a Canon (see Terryl Givens, "The Crucible of Doubt" Chapter 4). The second problem is that, according to LDS theology, the God of the Old Testament is Jehovah, the premortal Christ. Many have been taught that rebuttal, and are so certain that it is correct that they are distracted from the doctrinal concept that Christ is the God of the Old Testament. Worse are those defenders of the faith who know the verses they chose refer to Christ and yet still choose to use them as rebuttals. They deliberately misinterpret verses of scripture because it is convenient to prove their point.
Another commonly misinterpreted scripture is Isaiah 5:26, "And he will lift up an ensign to the nations from far, and will hiss unto them from the end of the earth: and, behold, they shall come with speed swiftly," (see also 2 Nephi 15:26). Members read the word "ensign" and think of the magazine and they think of Isaiah 11 and 2 Nephi 21 which connect the word with the gathering of Israel, and then they think of the Song of the Vineyard in the beginning of Isaiah 5 and compare it to Jacob 5 which connects the vineyard to the gathering of Israel, and then they read the chapter heading of Isaiah 5 which says, "The Lord will lift an ensign and gather Israel," and that seals the deal. Isaiah 5 must be referring to the gathering of Israel. I'm certain of it.
If verse 26 were the only verse in the chapter, that interpretation would make a lot of sense. But it's not. There's context, and the context is that the people are sinning and the judgments of God are upon them. Verse 25 reads, "Therefore is the anger of the Lord kindled against his people, and he hath stretched forth his hand against them, and hath smitten them: and the hills did tremble, and their carcases were torn in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still." Verses following verse 26 tell of weapons of war and darkness and sorrow. Does that sound like the gathering of Israel? No! Of course not! Isaiah 5:26 is not referring to the gathering of Israel, but the gathering of Israel's enemies against them. In fact, the word "ensign" is defined in Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon as "a banner, such as was set up on high mountains, especially in case of an invasion." The definition goes on to cite Isaiah 5:26 among other scriptures. After Isaiah's prophesy, Israel would be conquered by the Babylonians, and later by the Romans. Verse 26 could refer to either, or both, of the captivities. Any non-LDS commentary of the Bible could tell you that.
The problem is that we often look at scriptures through twin lenses. One of these lenses is the present. The other lens is Mormon ideology. We certainly do "see through a glass [or two] darkly" (1 Corinthians 13:12) when we view scriptures solely from these perspectives. We apply historical verses with historical context to the present, immediately relating them to the 'here and now' before understanding their meaning in the 'then and there,' and we do so with the biased eyes of a Mormon. Of course, other Churches do the same. They look at scripture with the biased eyes of Catholics, Methodists, Seventh Day Adventists, etc. It's natural to want your beliefs to be expressed in scripture, even subconsciously.
When we do this, we mean no harm. We often do it in our innocent ignorance, and with good intentions. I do not believe we will be judged harshly for misinterpretation, but I think from a moral standpoint, we should do our best to share the most complete truth we can, especially as we share the Gospel, and most especially when we are doing so in the name of Christ.
The exegetical method can help us to avoid these misinterpretations. The mission of exegesis is to avoid bias and extract the whole truth, or at least a greater portion of the truth, from a text. A simplified definition of the exegetical process is, "the careful historical, literary, and theological analysis of a text," (Huntsman, "Teaching through Exegesis: Helping Students Ask Questions of the Text"). Some questions you should ask include:
Historical Questions
"When and why was this text written?
What occasioned the event or teaching recorded?
Who was its author and original audience?
How does its historical and cultural context affect its interpretation?
How did the information in it—from the original source, to the author, through editors and translators—get to us?" (Huntsman)
Literary Questions*
"What kind of writing is the passage, and how does its genre affect how we read it?
How does it fit into its larger context—particularly what comes before and after it?
What was the author trying to teach or emphasize by relating it as he or she did?" (Huntsman)
Theological Questions
"How does this passage affect and change the reader?
What principles or doctrines does it illustrate or teach?
What does it teach us about God and His plan?
What does it teach us about the person and work of Jesus?
What have latter-day apostles and prophets taught about this passage?" (Huntsman)
You can see how asking these questions could prevent the misinterpretation of the scriptures I mentioned above.
It is important that you develop good study habits early on. Ask these questions regularly as you study. You will gain great insights as you do. I can promise you that.
I'll finish up with this scripture:
"Behold, I would exhort you that when ye shall read these things, if it be wisdom in God that ye should read them, that ye would remember how merciful the Lord hath been unto the children of men, from the creation of Adam even down until the time that ye shall receive these things, and ponder it in your hearts. And when ye shall receive these things, I would exhort you that ye would ask God, the Eternal Father, in the name of Christ, if these things are not true; and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart, with real intent, having faith in Christ, he will manifest the truth of it unto you, by the power of the Holy Ghost. And by the power of the Holy Ghost ye may know the truth of all things," (Moroni 10:3-5).
I love you Luke! I hope this is a help to you!
*I included the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Edition edited by Grant Hardy in your package. It should help you to answer some of the literary questions. It divides the Book of Mormon into paragraphs instead of verses and includes section titles so that you can more easily see where the most relevant context begins. Different types of text are also distinguished by the form they are written. Poetic scripture and quotes are easily recognized so you can recognize the genre more easily. Additionally, chapter headings and cross-references have been removed. This will help you avoid 'certainty' and have a mind more open to unconventional, and perhaps more meaningful, interpretation. Study hard!
Happy Birthday this week!! I sent you a package. Hopefully it arrives. From what I've heard, a lot of packages get stolen along the way. I do think God wants you to have what's in the package, but I know that he wants the thief to have his agency even more, so I've taken some extra precautions. I put some pictures of Jesus on it, and wrote, "Se você roubar este pacote, você será condenado ao inferno para sofrer por toda a eternidade," in nice, big letters across the whole thing. Hopefully that'll do the trick!
President Uchtdorf gave a great talk a couple years ago titled, "What Is Truth?" The object of this week's letter is to help you to answer that question as you study your scriptures every day through a method called 'exegesis.'
President Uchtdorf said:
"Well over one hundred years ago, an American poet put to rhyme an ancient parable. The first verse of the poem speaks about:
"Six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind."
In the poem each of the six travelers takes hold of a different part of the elephant and then describes to the others what he has discovered.
One of the men finds the elephant’s leg and describes it as being round and rough like a tree. Another feels the tusk and describes the elephant as a spear. A third grabs the tail and insists that an elephant is like a rope. A fourth discovers the trunk and insists that the elephant is like a large snake.
Each is describing truth.
And because his truth comes from personal experience, each insists that he knows what he knows.
The poem concludes:
"And so these men of Indostan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right,
And all were in the wrong!""
And so it can be with interpretation of the scripture; each partly in the right and all in the wrong. Joseph Smith expressed the same when he wrote, "for the teachers of religion of the different sects understood the same passages of scripture so differently as to destroy all confidence in settling the question by an appeal to the Bible," (Joseph Smith - History 1:12). And even within the Church different interpretations abound.
I believe it is certainty that lies at the heart of the issue. Bruce C. Hafen once said, "I think some... are more interested in being certain than they are in being right," ("Love Is Not Blind:Some Thoughts for College Students on Faith and Ambiguity"). Sometimes we are certain about points of doctrine or Church history because we were taught them in primary or we heard them somewhere or somewhere down the line they became tradition or culture, etc. Sometimes these points we are so certain about are perversions of the truth. It happens more than we realize. For example, many members may think that the sacrament can only be administered on Sundays. In fact, the very first sacrament after the Church was organized in this dispensation was administered on a Tuesday - April 6, 1830.
Another example concerning the sacrament is the idea that the principle purpose of the sacrament ordinance is to renew other ordinances. In the Sabbath Day Training videos, Neal A. Anderson said, "The title ‘renewing our baptismal covenants’ is not found in the scriptures. It is not inappropriate. Many of you have used it in talks. We have used it in talks, but it is not something that is used in the scriptures. And it can’t be the keynote of what we say about the sacrament." (This principle is also apparent in the event of the first administered sacrament in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as the baptized received the gift of the Holy Ghost after having received the sacrament in the same meeting). After I heard that, I began to pay attention to how often I used that phrase in my prayers. Just about every Sunday morning, the words would nearly leave my mouth and I would have to remind myself that I needed to refocus my sacrament experience.
I call this phenomenon 'the fallacy of certainty.' It's a really scary thing to me. How many other non-doctrinal traditions am I certain are truth? Or how many other traditions and cultures distract me from the truth? They so easily go undetected.
If we are to find truth as we study, we must first clear our minds of 'certainties.' We must segregate a time of study to look at the text as if it was the first time.
I'll offer two examples of common misinterpretations of scripture which are related to the fallacy of certainty.
Sometimes members of the Church, and especially missionaries, receive criticism because of scriptures like Exodus 33:20, "And [the Lord] said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live," and John 1:18, "No man hath seen God at any time." They make the argument that, based on these scriptures, Joseph Smith could not have seen God in the First Vision.
Members and missionaries often respond by citing scriptures like Genesis 32:30 and Exodus 33:11, and saying something like, "Well that's not true because prophets like Moses spoke with God face to face." The problem with this is twofold. The first problem is that the scriptures are being used as a cannon instead of a Canon (see Terryl Givens, "The Crucible of Doubt" Chapter 4). The second problem is that, according to LDS theology, the God of the Old Testament is Jehovah, the premortal Christ. Many have been taught that rebuttal, and are so certain that it is correct that they are distracted from the doctrinal concept that Christ is the God of the Old Testament. Worse are those defenders of the faith who know the verses they chose refer to Christ and yet still choose to use them as rebuttals. They deliberately misinterpret verses of scripture because it is convenient to prove their point.
Another commonly misinterpreted scripture is Isaiah 5:26, "And he will lift up an ensign to the nations from far, and will hiss unto them from the end of the earth: and, behold, they shall come with speed swiftly," (see also 2 Nephi 15:26). Members read the word "ensign" and think of the magazine and they think of Isaiah 11 and 2 Nephi 21 which connect the word with the gathering of Israel, and then they think of the Song of the Vineyard in the beginning of Isaiah 5 and compare it to Jacob 5 which connects the vineyard to the gathering of Israel, and then they read the chapter heading of Isaiah 5 which says, "The Lord will lift an ensign and gather Israel," and that seals the deal. Isaiah 5 must be referring to the gathering of Israel. I'm certain of it.
If verse 26 were the only verse in the chapter, that interpretation would make a lot of sense. But it's not. There's context, and the context is that the people are sinning and the judgments of God are upon them. Verse 25 reads, "Therefore is the anger of the Lord kindled against his people, and he hath stretched forth his hand against them, and hath smitten them: and the hills did tremble, and their carcases were torn in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still." Verses following verse 26 tell of weapons of war and darkness and sorrow. Does that sound like the gathering of Israel? No! Of course not! Isaiah 5:26 is not referring to the gathering of Israel, but the gathering of Israel's enemies against them. In fact, the word "ensign" is defined in Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon as "a banner, such as was set up on high mountains, especially in case of an invasion." The definition goes on to cite Isaiah 5:26 among other scriptures. After Isaiah's prophesy, Israel would be conquered by the Babylonians, and later by the Romans. Verse 26 could refer to either, or both, of the captivities. Any non-LDS commentary of the Bible could tell you that.
The problem is that we often look at scriptures through twin lenses. One of these lenses is the present. The other lens is Mormon ideology. We certainly do "see through a glass [or two] darkly" (1 Corinthians 13:12) when we view scriptures solely from these perspectives. We apply historical verses with historical context to the present, immediately relating them to the 'here and now' before understanding their meaning in the 'then and there,' and we do so with the biased eyes of a Mormon. Of course, other Churches do the same. They look at scripture with the biased eyes of Catholics, Methodists, Seventh Day Adventists, etc. It's natural to want your beliefs to be expressed in scripture, even subconsciously.
When we do this, we mean no harm. We often do it in our innocent ignorance, and with good intentions. I do not believe we will be judged harshly for misinterpretation, but I think from a moral standpoint, we should do our best to share the most complete truth we can, especially as we share the Gospel, and most especially when we are doing so in the name of Christ.
The exegetical method can help us to avoid these misinterpretations. The mission of exegesis is to avoid bias and extract the whole truth, or at least a greater portion of the truth, from a text. A simplified definition of the exegetical process is, "the careful historical, literary, and theological analysis of a text," (Huntsman, "Teaching through Exegesis: Helping Students Ask Questions of the Text"). Some questions you should ask include:
Historical Questions
"When and why was this text written?
What occasioned the event or teaching recorded?
Who was its author and original audience?
How does its historical and cultural context affect its interpretation?
How did the information in it—from the original source, to the author, through editors and translators—get to us?" (Huntsman)
Literary Questions*
"What kind of writing is the passage, and how does its genre affect how we read it?
How does it fit into its larger context—particularly what comes before and after it?
What was the author trying to teach or emphasize by relating it as he or she did?" (Huntsman)
Theological Questions
"How does this passage affect and change the reader?
What principles or doctrines does it illustrate or teach?
What does it teach us about God and His plan?
What does it teach us about the person and work of Jesus?
What have latter-day apostles and prophets taught about this passage?" (Huntsman)
You can see how asking these questions could prevent the misinterpretation of the scriptures I mentioned above.
It is important that you develop good study habits early on. Ask these questions regularly as you study. You will gain great insights as you do. I can promise you that.
I'll finish up with this scripture:
"Behold, I would exhort you that when ye shall read these things, if it be wisdom in God that ye should read them, that ye would remember how merciful the Lord hath been unto the children of men, from the creation of Adam even down until the time that ye shall receive these things, and ponder it in your hearts. And when ye shall receive these things, I would exhort you that ye would ask God, the Eternal Father, in the name of Christ, if these things are not true; and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart, with real intent, having faith in Christ, he will manifest the truth of it unto you, by the power of the Holy Ghost. And by the power of the Holy Ghost ye may know the truth of all things," (Moroni 10:3-5).
I love you Luke! I hope this is a help to you!
*I included the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Edition edited by Grant Hardy in your package. It should help you to answer some of the literary questions. It divides the Book of Mormon into paragraphs instead of verses and includes section titles so that you can more easily see where the most relevant context begins. Different types of text are also distinguished by the form they are written. Poetic scripture and quotes are easily recognized so you can recognize the genre more easily. Additionally, chapter headings and cross-references have been removed. This will help you avoid 'certainty' and have a mind more open to unconventional, and perhaps more meaningful, interpretation. Study hard!
Sunday, February 14, 2016
Week 10 - 07 February 2016: The Essential Nature of God the Spirit
Dear Luke,
Dad told me about a conversation you had with him over email. He said that you mentioned that you had had a discussion with some other missionaries about some questions regarding the Holy Ghost. It can be hard on the mission to find answers to some questions because your resources are limited to the missionary library. Luckily you have an older brother with virtually unlimited resources and a curious mind. I thought I would join the discussion.
According to dad, you mentioned two questions, "Was the Holy Ghost present on the earth during Christ's lifetime?" and "Is the gift of the Holy Ghost necessary for salvation?"
The Bible Dictionary does a great job of answering the first question. It reads, "For some reason not fully explained in the scriptures, the Holy Ghost did not operate in the fulness among the Jews during the years of Jesus’ mortal sojourn (John 7:39; 16:7). Statements to the effect that the Holy Ghost did not come until after Jesus was resurrected must of necessity refer to that particular dispensation only, for it is abundantly clear that the Holy Ghost was operative in earlier dispensations. Furthermore, it has reference only to the gift of the Holy Ghost not being present, since the power of the Holy Ghost was operative during the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus; otherwise no one would have received a testimony of the truths that these men taught (Matt. 16:16–17; see also 1 Cor. 12:3)."
The misunderstanding of your fellow missionaries was probably rooted in the distinction between the gift of the Holy Ghost, and the power of the Holy Ghost. The question of why the gift of the Holy Ghost was not present during Christ's lifetime is certainly debatable, and like many debatable things in the Church, it's debatable because it really doesn't matter. It's usually best to avoid such speculative debates, especially as a missionary.
The second question is much less debatable. The answer is YES. The gift of the Holy Ghost is absolutely an essential ordinance for salvation. I know you knew that, but if you feel the need to help your missionary friend along, you can very humbly and respectfully and lovingly refer him to Chapters 3 and 12 of Preach My Gospel which contain the statements, "Baptism by water must be followed by baptism of the Spirit or it is incomplete," and "Emphasize that baptism by water is incomplete without confirmation and the gift of the Holy Ghost," respectively.
You could also refer him to John 16:7. Christ says, "Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you." I kind of like the NLV translation of this verse, "But in fact, it is best for you that I go away, because if I don't, the Advocate won't come. If I do go away, then I will send him to you." Christ told His disciples that it was better for them that He leave them, so that they could have the gift of the Holy Ghost. What greater manifestation of the importance of the gift of the Holy Ghost could we have?
So perhaps the follow-up question would be: "Why is the gift of the Holy Ghost necessary for salvation?" I asked that very same question before my mission.
It seems a little weird. Other saving ordinances seem to have much more responsibility attached to them. Why do we need to be given something in order to be saved? I did not nearly understand the depth of that question when I asked it the first time. (I say that because the question, and the answer for that matter, is related to a centuries-long and continuing debate among Christian sects concerning the Atonement, which is a conversation for another day). To begin with, it is not entirely that we need to be given the Holy Ghost, but also that we need to receive the Holy Ghost, and that is a very important verb with a lot of responsibility attached to it.
Nephi makes the distinction of responsibility between being given the Holy Ghost and receiving the Holy Ghost abundantly clear. He first explains what we need to do in order to be given the Holy Ghost, "And also, the voice of the Son came unto me, saying: He that is baptized in my name, to him will the Father give the Holy Ghost," (2 Nephi 31:12). Pretty simple. Now let's see what Nephi has to say about what we need to do in order to receive the Holy Ghost, "I know that if ye shall follow the Son, with full purpose of heart, acting no hypocrisy and no deception before God, but with real intent, repenting of your sins, witnessing unto the Father that ye are willing to take upon you the name of Christ, by baptism—yea, by following your Lord and your Savior down into the water, according to his word, behold, then shall ye receive the Holy Ghost," (2 Nephi 31:13). There's definitely a little more attached to that one. Perhaps a misunderstanding of the distinction between being given the Holy Spirit and receiving the Holy Spirit is at the root of your missionary friend's doubt, as it was for me.
But that doesn't answer our question. Why is the gift of the Holy Ghost required?
We often stress the Holy Ghost's role as the Comforter, His role as a Revelator in communicating personal revelation to us and giving us testimony, and His role as a Protector who warns of danger. These are all very good things, and I am very thankful for them, and they are certainly pertinent to our salvation, but I believe the saving role of the Holy Ghost is His role as a Sanctifier or Purifier. Nephi said in that same, wonderful chapter of 2 Nephi 31, "For the gate by which ye should enter is repentance and baptism by water; and then cometh a remission of your sins by fire and by the Holy Ghost," (2 Nephi 31:17). Remission of sins comes through the Holy Ghost as we receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. It is a baptism of fire through which we are purified. Without it, we have no hope of reaching the Celestial Kingdom of Heaven, for we know all too well, "no unclean thing can dwell with God," (1 Nephi 10:21).
Before finishing up, I want to clear up one more point which could be another factor beneath your missionary friend's question. The Holy Ghost is often referred to as the third Member of the Godhead. Perhaps we forget that He is the third God of the Godhead. Joseph Smith taught, "I have always declared God to be a distinct personage, Jesus Christ a separate and distinct personage from God the Father, and that the Holy Ghost was a distinct personage and a Spirit: and these three constitute three distinct personages and three Gods," (History of the Church 6:474). God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit are of course all essential for salvation.
I'll finish with a verse from the hymn,"Sweet Is the Peace the Gospel Brings" written by Mary Ann Murton Durham:
"May we who know the sacred Name
From every sin depart.
Then will the Spirit's constant flame
Preserve us pure in heart."
I love you, Luke! I hope this helps!
Sunday, February 7, 2016
Week 9 - 31 January 2016: Authority Above That of Kings
Dear Luke,
You wrote me about confidence a couple weeks ago. You said it's hard to be confident as you teach or knock doors because your Portuguese isn't great yet. As I was thinking about a message I could write to help, I couldn't help but be reminded of what has come to be known as "The Missionary Commission." It was supposedly delivered by Elder McConkie when he served as a mission president in Australia. I couldn't find anything official on it but I could find it on some non-official sites like LDS Church Quotes. You know I'm not a huge fan of some of Elder McConkie's writings, but the law of oppositions seems to hold true within his dissertations. He is the author of some of my favorite, and some of my least favorite LDS literature.
President McConkie gave this to the missionaries under his presiding authority, "I am called of God. My authority is above that of the kings of the earth. By revelation I have been selected as a personal representative of the Lord Jesus Christ. He is my Master and he has chosen me to represent him. To stand in his place, to say and do what he himself would say and do if he personally were ministering to the very people to whom he has sent me. My voice is his voice, and my acts are his acts; my words are his words and my doctrine is his doctrine. My commission is to do what he wants done. To say what he wants said. To be a living modern witness in word and deed of the divinity of his great and marvelous latter-day work."
What more can be said? Write it down. Memorize it. Do whatever you have to do to keep these truths in the front of your mind on those tough days.
One other thing came to my mind as I pondered your struggle with confidence. It's a story from church history that you might be familiar with. The Church was receiving heavy persecution. The Hauns Mill Massacre was still fresh in the minds of members. Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt, and other church leaders had been taken captive. They were, "penned up in a cold, open, unfinished court house, in which situation they remained for some weeks, while their families were suffering severe privations... It was a very severe time of snow and winter weather, and [they] suffered much," (The Autobiography of Parley P. Pratt, Chapter 26). Sidney Rigdon was very sick and delirious. I am sure they were miserable, hungry, cold, and they likely had dampened spirits. But the experience Elder Pratt writes about next is simply astonishing.
"In one of those tedious nights we had lain as if in sleep till the hour of midnight had passed, and our ears and hearts bad been pained, while we had listened for hours to the obscene jests, the horrid oaths, the dreadful blasphemies and filthy language of our guards, Colonel Price at their head, as they recounted to each other their deeds of rapine, murder, robbery, etc., which they had committed among the "Mormons" while at Far West and vicinity. They even boasted of defiling by force wives, daughters and virgins, and of shooting or dashing out the brains of men, women and children.
"I had listened till I became so disgusted, shocked, horrified, and so filled with the spirit of indignant justice that I could scarcely refrain from rising upon my feet and rebuking the guards; but had said nothing to Joseph, or any one else, although I lay next to him and knew he was awake. On a sudden he arose to his feet, and spoke in a voice of thunder, or as the roaring lion, uttering, as near as I can recollect, the following words:
"SILENCE, ye fiends of the infernal pit. In the name of Jesus Christ I rebuke you, and command you to be still; I will not live another minute and hear such language. Cease such talk, or you or I die THIS INSTANT!
"He ceased to speak. He stood erect in terrible majesty. Chained, and without a weapon; calm, unruffled and dignified as an angel, he looked upon the quailing guards, whose weapons were lowered or dropped to the ground; whose knees smote together, and who, shrinking into a corner, or crouching at his feet, begged his pardon, and remained quiet till a change of guards.
"I have seen the ministers of justice, clothed in magisterial robes, and criminals arraigned before them, while life was suspended on a breath, in the Courts of England; I have witnessed a Congress in solemn session to give laws to nations; I have tried to conceive of kings, of royal courts, of thrones and crowns; and of emperors assembled to decide the fate of kingdoms; but dignity and majesty have I seen but once, as it stood in chains, at midnight, in a dungeon in an obscure village of Missouri," (Pratt, Chapter 26).
Elder Pratt's words convey the power of the experience so well. I feel it every time I read this story.
Joseph Smith had so much reason to be afraid. He was weak, chained and surrounded by armed guards who hated him. Where did he find the confidence with which he spoke? I believe he was confident because he knew he spoke with true power and authority, using the name of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Joseph was a large man, and perhaps he was angry, but the guards had no reason to fear a hungry, cold, unarmed prisoner bound by chains. They did, however, have reason to fear the power of God, which I am certain was manifested by the Holy Spirit as Joseph Smith rebuked them that dreadful night. I am certain that he astonished them in the truest sense of the word: a word derived from a Latin word meaning "to thunder."
You will probably spend days on your mission walking for hours on end in 100% humidity and 105 degrees of heat, being eaten alive by mosquitoes. You will probably have been rejected dozens of times. You'll have doors slammed in your face. The people will be rude. Some might make fun of your Portuguese. You might be hungry and tired and have hardly a desire to keep working.
On those days, you remember in whose name you are preaching. Your Portuguese might not be perfect. You might be figuratively bound by the chains of the language barrier, but your words won't be what touch the hearts of those to whom you preach. Find your confidence in the power of God, which is manifested by the Holy Spirit as you testify in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. That's what will touch their hearts. And they will be astonished.
I'll finish up with a scripture and then I'll include a Spanish fail of mine from my mission. I hope it makes you laugh!
"But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions; Partly, whilst ye were made a gazing stock both by reproaches and afflictions; and partly, whilst ye became companions of them that were so used. For ye had compassion of me in my bonds, and took joyfully the spoiling of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye have in heaven a better and an enduring substance. Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great recompence of reward," (Hebrews 10:32-35).
You wrote me about confidence a couple weeks ago. You said it's hard to be confident as you teach or knock doors because your Portuguese isn't great yet. As I was thinking about a message I could write to help, I couldn't help but be reminded of what has come to be known as "The Missionary Commission." It was supposedly delivered by Elder McConkie when he served as a mission president in Australia. I couldn't find anything official on it but I could find it on some non-official sites like LDS Church Quotes. You know I'm not a huge fan of some of Elder McConkie's writings, but the law of oppositions seems to hold true within his dissertations. He is the author of some of my favorite, and some of my least favorite LDS literature.
President McConkie gave this to the missionaries under his presiding authority, "I am called of God. My authority is above that of the kings of the earth. By revelation I have been selected as a personal representative of the Lord Jesus Christ. He is my Master and he has chosen me to represent him. To stand in his place, to say and do what he himself would say and do if he personally were ministering to the very people to whom he has sent me. My voice is his voice, and my acts are his acts; my words are his words and my doctrine is his doctrine. My commission is to do what he wants done. To say what he wants said. To be a living modern witness in word and deed of the divinity of his great and marvelous latter-day work."
What more can be said? Write it down. Memorize it. Do whatever you have to do to keep these truths in the front of your mind on those tough days.
One other thing came to my mind as I pondered your struggle with confidence. It's a story from church history that you might be familiar with. The Church was receiving heavy persecution. The Hauns Mill Massacre was still fresh in the minds of members. Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt, and other church leaders had been taken captive. They were, "penned up in a cold, open, unfinished court house, in which situation they remained for some weeks, while their families were suffering severe privations... It was a very severe time of snow and winter weather, and [they] suffered much," (The Autobiography of Parley P. Pratt, Chapter 26). Sidney Rigdon was very sick and delirious. I am sure they were miserable, hungry, cold, and they likely had dampened spirits. But the experience Elder Pratt writes about next is simply astonishing.
"In one of those tedious nights we had lain as if in sleep till the hour of midnight had passed, and our ears and hearts bad been pained, while we had listened for hours to the obscene jests, the horrid oaths, the dreadful blasphemies and filthy language of our guards, Colonel Price at their head, as they recounted to each other their deeds of rapine, murder, robbery, etc., which they had committed among the "Mormons" while at Far West and vicinity. They even boasted of defiling by force wives, daughters and virgins, and of shooting or dashing out the brains of men, women and children.
"I had listened till I became so disgusted, shocked, horrified, and so filled with the spirit of indignant justice that I could scarcely refrain from rising upon my feet and rebuking the guards; but had said nothing to Joseph, or any one else, although I lay next to him and knew he was awake. On a sudden he arose to his feet, and spoke in a voice of thunder, or as the roaring lion, uttering, as near as I can recollect, the following words:
"SILENCE, ye fiends of the infernal pit. In the name of Jesus Christ I rebuke you, and command you to be still; I will not live another minute and hear such language. Cease such talk, or you or I die THIS INSTANT!
"He ceased to speak. He stood erect in terrible majesty. Chained, and without a weapon; calm, unruffled and dignified as an angel, he looked upon the quailing guards, whose weapons were lowered or dropped to the ground; whose knees smote together, and who, shrinking into a corner, or crouching at his feet, begged his pardon, and remained quiet till a change of guards.
"I have seen the ministers of justice, clothed in magisterial robes, and criminals arraigned before them, while life was suspended on a breath, in the Courts of England; I have witnessed a Congress in solemn session to give laws to nations; I have tried to conceive of kings, of royal courts, of thrones and crowns; and of emperors assembled to decide the fate of kingdoms; but dignity and majesty have I seen but once, as it stood in chains, at midnight, in a dungeon in an obscure village of Missouri," (Pratt, Chapter 26).
Elder Pratt's words convey the power of the experience so well. I feel it every time I read this story.
Joseph Smith had so much reason to be afraid. He was weak, chained and surrounded by armed guards who hated him. Where did he find the confidence with which he spoke? I believe he was confident because he knew he spoke with true power and authority, using the name of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Joseph was a large man, and perhaps he was angry, but the guards had no reason to fear a hungry, cold, unarmed prisoner bound by chains. They did, however, have reason to fear the power of God, which I am certain was manifested by the Holy Spirit as Joseph Smith rebuked them that dreadful night. I am certain that he astonished them in the truest sense of the word: a word derived from a Latin word meaning "to thunder."
You will probably spend days on your mission walking for hours on end in 100% humidity and 105 degrees of heat, being eaten alive by mosquitoes. You will probably have been rejected dozens of times. You'll have doors slammed in your face. The people will be rude. Some might make fun of your Portuguese. You might be hungry and tired and have hardly a desire to keep working.
On those days, you remember in whose name you are preaching. Your Portuguese might not be perfect. You might be figuratively bound by the chains of the language barrier, but your words won't be what touch the hearts of those to whom you preach. Find your confidence in the power of God, which is manifested by the Holy Spirit as you testify in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. That's what will touch their hearts. And they will be astonished.
I'll finish up with a scripture and then I'll include a Spanish fail of mine from my mission. I hope it makes you laugh!
"But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions; Partly, whilst ye were made a gazing stock both by reproaches and afflictions; and partly, whilst ye became companions of them that were so used. For ye had compassion of me in my bonds, and took joyfully the spoiling of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye have in heaven a better and an enduring substance. Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great recompence of reward," (Hebrews 10:32-35).
And here's the story to finish up.
I was in my training and it was my turn to do the contact. It seemed like it was always my turn... In Chile, there are fences around all of the houses, so you have to yell "Alo!" as loudly as you can for people to come out. A man came to the door, but stayed at the doorway. He had a big patio so there was a lot of space between us and it was hard to hear. He looked like he had been doing construction and I understood that he couldn't come to the gate and that he was doing something in the bathroom. I figured he was fixing his sink or something and so offered help just as sincerely as I could. He gave me a weird look and then slammed the door. Afterward, my companion started yelling at me, and I had no clue why. He explained that the man had actually said that he couldn't come to the gate because he had diarrhea and I offered to help him with that. Bet you can't one-up that one ;)
I love you Luke! Keep working hard!
Week 8 - 24 January 2016: A Beekeeper's Vision Part 2: Achieving the Vision
Dear Luke,
Last week, I wrote you about obtaining a vision. This week I'll follow up with achieving the vision. Again, all quotes are taken from an interview with Sir Edmund Hilary found on the Academy of Achievement site.
The first thing you'll need is motivation. Sir Edmund Hillary said, "I think motivation is the single most important factor in any sort of success. Physical fitness is important, technical skill is important, and maybe even the desire for money is important in some respects. But a sort of basic motivation, the desire to succeed, to stretch yourself to the utmost is the most important factor. Certainly in the field of exploration and activity, it's the thing that makes the difference between someone who does really well and someone who doesn't." I think that's true of missionaries too. Teaching skills are important, the ability to speak fluently is important, but motivation is what makes the difference.
Hillary explained the role of his motivation in this way, "But, of course, we had one problem that the modern mountaineer doesn't have. That is, this psychological barrier. We really didn't know whether it was humanly possible to reach the top of Mt. Everest. And even using oxygen as we were, if we did get to the top, we weren't at all sure whether we wouldn't drop dead or something of that nature. All the physiologists had warned us that the altitude at the summit of Everest was a very marginal altitude and might be extremely dangerous. So, one had this feeling in your mind all the time that maybe you were pushing things a bit beyond what humans were meant to do and you couldn't ignore that feeling. But, because of strong motivation, you keep plugging on and you seem to be going okay and nothing seems to be going wrong, so you persist. And we persisted, of course, and ultimately, set foot on the summit."
So what was it that drove Hillary to do what he did? Sir Edmund Hillary called it, "A very strong affection for mountaineering. I knew I could do it and enjoy it and so it grew on me." He wasn't pursuing glory. He was pursuing his passion. He simply loved what he did. I've written to you about motivation a little bit already. I've found that the best motivations are not quantifiable. Your vision might include numbers, but don't ever let those numbers motivate you. In fact, don't let your vision motivate you. The vision is not the motivation. The vision is a tool to build faith. "A very strong affection for," God, your fellow-man, and the work, should be your motivation.
Once you're motivated, you'll need a plan. On the subject of planning, Sir Edmund Hillary said, "I think, for instance, that prior planning of what you're doing, slowly and carefully working out how you're going to meet problems if they arise, can be enormously helpful. If an emergency arises, you've already thought out the type of thing that you can do and the type of decisions you can make, the type of orders you can give, and overcome that problem and get through... And I've always found you can do that by, each night, when you go to bed, just let your mind dwell on the likely things that may happen next day, and think out carefully the sort of decisions that might be necessary to make in order to have the program carried through."
Now let's say part of your vision is that you want to be obedient. If you already know how you will respond to a pressure to be disobedient, you are far more likely to succeed with your vision. You could also apply this principle in your nightly planning, personal study and companionship study. Ask yourself how an investigator might misinterpret whatever you are trying to share, what questions he or she might have, what words might you want to use in the lesson that you don't know yet or other problems that might arise. Role plays are a great way to prepare for those situations and will give you an advantage in the teaching arena.
As you form a plan, you might consider speaking with missionaries who are towards the end of their missions, or returned missionaries or your mission president or whoever else might be able to offer some counsel based on experience. Sir Edmund Hillary advised young people to do that strongly, "But, I recommend to younger people that it's foolish to start from scratch again. Older people really have a lot of experience. They have a lot of knowledge. Some of them are even quite pleasant people, and I recommend to the young ones to take advantage of all that previous experience and knowledge and understanding which older people have. Absorb it all, and then drop the old people if you'd like, and go off and do your own thing. At least you're starting with all that built-up accumulation of knowledge and understanding that's been going on for generations. I think this is a very valuable thing that young people can do. Quite often a young person who is unhappy and uncertain, can make friendships with some slightly older people with more experience and maybe learn a little bit from them and get a little bit more certain in themselves. Now I know a lot of youngsters couldn't care less about this, but that's what I would recommend to a lot of them. I actually learned a lot from older people when I was in my 20s. What little I did learn was mostly from older people, not from young ones."
Be humble. Ask others for help and absorb it. You don't have to start from scratch. You'll be far more likely to achieve your vision if you do.
Let me offer one final comment on planning. Modern climbers that have the vision of summitting Everest use four camps in addition to the base camp in order to make the climb. You might consider having an idea of about where you need to be in order to reach your end-of-the-mission goal at the six month mark,at the year mark, and at the year and a half mark. The you can see what you need to achieve monthly, weekly, and daily in order to meet your six month goals. You could really divide it up however you like, but dividing your big goal into smaller, more manageable goals is key.
Another factor in achieving a vision is adaptability, or being flexible. About his summit attempt on Everest, Sir Edmund Hillary said, "Never, at any stage, until we actually got up the rock step, was I confident that we were going to be successful. My feeling was that we would give it everything we had, but we had no surety that we were going to reach the top. In fact, I believe that if someone starts out on a challenging activity, completely confident that they're going to succeed, why bother starting? It's not much of a challenge. I think it's much better to start out on something that you're not at all sure that you can do. If you overcome and you manage to defeat the obstacles, the satisfaction is so much greater." See how visions are faith-building things? Hillary had found the balance within the ambiguity between the real and the ideal. He started off knowing he would have to be flexible.
When asked about failure he said, "Well, it sounds arrogant, but I can't remember having all that many failures in major things that I set out to do. Sometimes objectives almost changed during the course of something you were attempting to do. You would decide that a more important objective was such-and-such a thing, rather than what you had initially set out to do." He didn't fail very often because he was willing to be flexible and adapt his vision as necessary.
Adapting your vision isn't necessarily a cheap excuse to cheat your way out of doing something hard. It could be a sign of maturity. Hillary said, "I've moved from being a child who dreamed a lot and read a lot of books about adventure, to actually getting involved in things like mountaineering, and then becoming a reasonably competent mountaineer and going off to the Himalayas, doing a lot of climbing, and going off on expeditions to the Antarctic and that sort of active adventurer stage. Then I, more or less as I got older, I moved into a period where I was more involved in organizing, raising funds and leading expeditions... As I got somewhat older, again I became increasingly interested particularly in the people of the Himalayas. I built up very close friendships with them and I became concerned about the things that they wanted: schooling and hospitals and things of that nature. This carried on for quite a while. Perhaps in more recent years, certainly in the last 15 years or so, I've also become very much involved in environmental matters. So I would say now that my major interests are in people and in the environment."
Was the vision of his later years to help the poor and preserve the environment inferior to his former vision to reach the highest peak of the world? Of course not. To the contrary. He simply adapted his vision as he matured. You'll do a lot of maturing on your mission. Every missionary does. Your vision will likely mature with you. Let it. When you get to that point, don't cling to the vision of your younger missionary self because you feel that it is somehow less honorable to adapt it. "Clinging" is a dangerous thing. After all, it was the people that clung to the iron rod which reached the tree of life, partook of the fruit, "and after they had partaken of the fruit of the tree... did cast their eyes about as if they were ashamed," ("The Danger of Clinging to the Rod," 1 Nephi 8:25).
As Sir Edmund Hillary said, "be that sort of person that enjoy[s] making out plans, but... also enjoy changing plans."
"But, I recommend to younger people that it's foolish to start from scratch again. Older people really have a lot of experience. They have a lot of knowledge. Some of them are even quite pleasant people, and I recommend to the young ones to take advantage of all that previous experience and knowledge and understanding which older people have. Absorb it all, and then drop the old people if you'd like, and go off and do your own thing. At least you're starting with all that built-up accumulation of knowledge and understanding that's been going on for generations. I think this is a very valuable thing that young people can do. Quite often a young person who is unhappy and uncertain, can make friendships with some slightly older people with more experience and maybe learn a little bit from them and get a little bit more certain in themselves. Now I know a lot of youngsters couldn't care less about this, but that's what I would recommend to a lot of them. I actually learned a lot from older people when I was in my 20s. What little I did learn was mostly from older people, not from young ones."
The final lesson I would like to share about Sir Hillary is the principle of perseverance. He said, "I never climbed up anything one step at a time. You read so much about how, at extreme altitudes, you take one step and then you stop and pant and puff for a while, and then take one more step. I don't ever remember doing that. You're much slower in higher altitudes because of the lack of oxygen, but I used to keep moving pretty steadily most of the time and I didn't have to stop too often for panting and puffing." He went on to say, "My mind concentrates rather firmly on the job in hand. Certainly, on Everest for instance, we were using oxygen and I was constantly doing mental arithmetic, checking the pressure of the oxygen bottles. I had to convert that pressure over to the number of liters of oxygen that remained in the bottle, and then work out how many hours or minutes of activity we still had left. So constantly, we were dealing with the problems of the slopes and soft snow and crevasses that we have to deal with, but at the same time, constantly ticking over in my mind was the usage of oxygen and how much time we had to get there and get down again." Keep moving steadily towards your goal and concentrate on the job at hand. As we learn from D&C 63:47, "He that is faithful and endureth shall overcome the world."
Now, there is only one thing left to cover. Satisfaction. And Sir Edmund Hillary should certainly know a great deal about that. Just look at the view.
Last week, I wrote you about obtaining a vision. This week I'll follow up with achieving the vision. Again, all quotes are taken from an interview with Sir Edmund Hilary found on the Academy of Achievement site.
The first thing you'll need is motivation. Sir Edmund Hillary said, "I think motivation is the single most important factor in any sort of success. Physical fitness is important, technical skill is important, and maybe even the desire for money is important in some respects. But a sort of basic motivation, the desire to succeed, to stretch yourself to the utmost is the most important factor. Certainly in the field of exploration and activity, it's the thing that makes the difference between someone who does really well and someone who doesn't." I think that's true of missionaries too. Teaching skills are important, the ability to speak fluently is important, but motivation is what makes the difference.
Hillary explained the role of his motivation in this way, "But, of course, we had one problem that the modern mountaineer doesn't have. That is, this psychological barrier. We really didn't know whether it was humanly possible to reach the top of Mt. Everest. And even using oxygen as we were, if we did get to the top, we weren't at all sure whether we wouldn't drop dead or something of that nature. All the physiologists had warned us that the altitude at the summit of Everest was a very marginal altitude and might be extremely dangerous. So, one had this feeling in your mind all the time that maybe you were pushing things a bit beyond what humans were meant to do and you couldn't ignore that feeling. But, because of strong motivation, you keep plugging on and you seem to be going okay and nothing seems to be going wrong, so you persist. And we persisted, of course, and ultimately, set foot on the summit."
So what was it that drove Hillary to do what he did? Sir Edmund Hillary called it, "A very strong affection for mountaineering. I knew I could do it and enjoy it and so it grew on me." He wasn't pursuing glory. He was pursuing his passion. He simply loved what he did. I've written to you about motivation a little bit already. I've found that the best motivations are not quantifiable. Your vision might include numbers, but don't ever let those numbers motivate you. In fact, don't let your vision motivate you. The vision is not the motivation. The vision is a tool to build faith. "A very strong affection for," God, your fellow-man, and the work, should be your motivation.
Once you're motivated, you'll need a plan. On the subject of planning, Sir Edmund Hillary said, "I think, for instance, that prior planning of what you're doing, slowly and carefully working out how you're going to meet problems if they arise, can be enormously helpful. If an emergency arises, you've already thought out the type of thing that you can do and the type of decisions you can make, the type of orders you can give, and overcome that problem and get through... And I've always found you can do that by, each night, when you go to bed, just let your mind dwell on the likely things that may happen next day, and think out carefully the sort of decisions that might be necessary to make in order to have the program carried through."
Now let's say part of your vision is that you want to be obedient. If you already know how you will respond to a pressure to be disobedient, you are far more likely to succeed with your vision. You could also apply this principle in your nightly planning, personal study and companionship study. Ask yourself how an investigator might misinterpret whatever you are trying to share, what questions he or she might have, what words might you want to use in the lesson that you don't know yet or other problems that might arise. Role plays are a great way to prepare for those situations and will give you an advantage in the teaching arena.
As you form a plan, you might consider speaking with missionaries who are towards the end of their missions, or returned missionaries or your mission president or whoever else might be able to offer some counsel based on experience. Sir Edmund Hillary advised young people to do that strongly, "But, I recommend to younger people that it's foolish to start from scratch again. Older people really have a lot of experience. They have a lot of knowledge. Some of them are even quite pleasant people, and I recommend to the young ones to take advantage of all that previous experience and knowledge and understanding which older people have. Absorb it all, and then drop the old people if you'd like, and go off and do your own thing. At least you're starting with all that built-up accumulation of knowledge and understanding that's been going on for generations. I think this is a very valuable thing that young people can do. Quite often a young person who is unhappy and uncertain, can make friendships with some slightly older people with more experience and maybe learn a little bit from them and get a little bit more certain in themselves. Now I know a lot of youngsters couldn't care less about this, but that's what I would recommend to a lot of them. I actually learned a lot from older people when I was in my 20s. What little I did learn was mostly from older people, not from young ones."
Be humble. Ask others for help and absorb it. You don't have to start from scratch. You'll be far more likely to achieve your vision if you do.
Let me offer one final comment on planning. Modern climbers that have the vision of summitting Everest use four camps in addition to the base camp in order to make the climb. You might consider having an idea of about where you need to be in order to reach your end-of-the-mission goal at the six month mark,at the year mark, and at the year and a half mark. The you can see what you need to achieve monthly, weekly, and daily in order to meet your six month goals. You could really divide it up however you like, but dividing your big goal into smaller, more manageable goals is key.
Another factor in achieving a vision is adaptability, or being flexible. About his summit attempt on Everest, Sir Edmund Hillary said, "Never, at any stage, until we actually got up the rock step, was I confident that we were going to be successful. My feeling was that we would give it everything we had, but we had no surety that we were going to reach the top. In fact, I believe that if someone starts out on a challenging activity, completely confident that they're going to succeed, why bother starting? It's not much of a challenge. I think it's much better to start out on something that you're not at all sure that you can do. If you overcome and you manage to defeat the obstacles, the satisfaction is so much greater." See how visions are faith-building things? Hillary had found the balance within the ambiguity between the real and the ideal. He started off knowing he would have to be flexible.
When asked about failure he said, "Well, it sounds arrogant, but I can't remember having all that many failures in major things that I set out to do. Sometimes objectives almost changed during the course of something you were attempting to do. You would decide that a more important objective was such-and-such a thing, rather than what you had initially set out to do." He didn't fail very often because he was willing to be flexible and adapt his vision as necessary.
Adapting your vision isn't necessarily a cheap excuse to cheat your way out of doing something hard. It could be a sign of maturity. Hillary said, "I've moved from being a child who dreamed a lot and read a lot of books about adventure, to actually getting involved in things like mountaineering, and then becoming a reasonably competent mountaineer and going off to the Himalayas, doing a lot of climbing, and going off on expeditions to the Antarctic and that sort of active adventurer stage. Then I, more or less as I got older, I moved into a period where I was more involved in organizing, raising funds and leading expeditions... As I got somewhat older, again I became increasingly interested particularly in the people of the Himalayas. I built up very close friendships with them and I became concerned about the things that they wanted: schooling and hospitals and things of that nature. This carried on for quite a while. Perhaps in more recent years, certainly in the last 15 years or so, I've also become very much involved in environmental matters. So I would say now that my major interests are in people and in the environment."
Was the vision of his later years to help the poor and preserve the environment inferior to his former vision to reach the highest peak of the world? Of course not. To the contrary. He simply adapted his vision as he matured. You'll do a lot of maturing on your mission. Every missionary does. Your vision will likely mature with you. Let it. When you get to that point, don't cling to the vision of your younger missionary self because you feel that it is somehow less honorable to adapt it. "Clinging" is a dangerous thing. After all, it was the people that clung to the iron rod which reached the tree of life, partook of the fruit, "and after they had partaken of the fruit of the tree... did cast their eyes about as if they were ashamed," ("The Danger of Clinging to the Rod," 1 Nephi 8:25).
As Sir Edmund Hillary said, "be that sort of person that enjoy[s] making out plans, but... also enjoy changing plans."
"But, I recommend to younger people that it's foolish to start from scratch again. Older people really have a lot of experience. They have a lot of knowledge. Some of them are even quite pleasant people, and I recommend to the young ones to take advantage of all that previous experience and knowledge and understanding which older people have. Absorb it all, and then drop the old people if you'd like, and go off and do your own thing. At least you're starting with all that built-up accumulation of knowledge and understanding that's been going on for generations. I think this is a very valuable thing that young people can do. Quite often a young person who is unhappy and uncertain, can make friendships with some slightly older people with more experience and maybe learn a little bit from them and get a little bit more certain in themselves. Now I know a lot of youngsters couldn't care less about this, but that's what I would recommend to a lot of them. I actually learned a lot from older people when I was in my 20s. What little I did learn was mostly from older people, not from young ones."
The final lesson I would like to share about Sir Hillary is the principle of perseverance. He said, "I never climbed up anything one step at a time. You read so much about how, at extreme altitudes, you take one step and then you stop and pant and puff for a while, and then take one more step. I don't ever remember doing that. You're much slower in higher altitudes because of the lack of oxygen, but I used to keep moving pretty steadily most of the time and I didn't have to stop too often for panting and puffing." He went on to say, "My mind concentrates rather firmly on the job in hand. Certainly, on Everest for instance, we were using oxygen and I was constantly doing mental arithmetic, checking the pressure of the oxygen bottles. I had to convert that pressure over to the number of liters of oxygen that remained in the bottle, and then work out how many hours or minutes of activity we still had left. So constantly, we were dealing with the problems of the slopes and soft snow and crevasses that we have to deal with, but at the same time, constantly ticking over in my mind was the usage of oxygen and how much time we had to get there and get down again." Keep moving steadily towards your goal and concentrate on the job at hand. As we learn from D&C 63:47, "He that is faithful and endureth shall overcome the world."
Now, there is only one thing left to cover. Satisfaction. And Sir Edmund Hillary should certainly know a great deal about that. Just look at the view.
On the subject of satisfaction, Sir Edmund Hillary said, "It doesn't matter what field you're in. You could be in education, science or business [or on an LDS mission]. Almost anything has its moments where you have to overcome considerable challenges, and if you're able to overcome those challenges, you get a great sense of satisfaction. And I would say a businessman who's been able to achieve a successful deal of some sort, would probably feel a very similar sort of reaction to someone who's just managed to get to the top of a mountain. You've overcome problems. You may not have been frightened to death, but you've overcome problems and difficulties and you've achieved success and you certainly feel pretty happy about it. I think the element of danger which is present in things like mountaineering and sailing around the world and all those type of things, does add a tremendous amount to the challenge. There's simply no question that if you're doing something that has the possibility that you may make a mistake or something may go wrong and you'll come to a rather sticky end, this I think, does add something, really, to the whole challenge. You really feel you're doing something exciting and perhaps a little desperate, and if you're successful, it certainly gives you that little bit more satisfaction."
I probably missed a couple, but I bolded all those you's because I want you to feel like the quote is directed to you.
Sir Hillary said that he felt a great deal of satisfaction and excitement after summitting the mountain, and especially after returning to camp safely, and I am sure he did. He had good reason to. But I am also sure his satisfaction could not compare to the spiritual confirmation felt by many a young man, upon honorably completing his mission, that God is smiling down upon him and saying, "Well done, thou good and faithful servant," (Matthew 25:21)
I love you Luke! You have a lot to look forward to. Keep on working hard.
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